Humanization, Adaptation to Change, and Mental Health in Teachers in Three European Countries / Humanización, adaptación al cambio y salud mental en docentes de tres países europeos

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between humanization, adaptability to change, and mental health in European teachers (Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian teachers), as well as the relationship between humanization and mental health in teachers through the analysis of the mediating role of adaptability to change. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with teachers from three European countries (Spain, n = 263; Portugal, n = 344; and Italy, n = 287). The Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Adaptation to Change Questionnaire (ADAPTA-10) were administered. Results: In all three countries, negative associations were observed between humanization and the presence of problematic symptoms. With respect to the adaptability to change factors, humanization showed negative associations with the emotional factor and positive associations with the cognitive-behavioral factor. Comparative mean analysis revealed differences in humanization, the emotional factor of adaptability to change, and the presence of problematic symptoms. Finally, the mediation models showed the absence of a direct effect in the relationship between humanization and the presence of GHQ-28 symptomatology when it was mediated by the emotional factor (Spanish and Portuguese sample). In the Italian sample, the direct effect of humanization-GHQ-28 symptomatology was significant, with a smaller proportion of the indirect effect of the emotional factor acting as a mediator. On the other hand, when considering the cognitive-behavioral factor as a mediator, the same result was obtained for all three countries: a negative direct effect between humanization and GHQ-28 symptomatology, with no mediation by the cognitive-behavioral factor. Conclusions: The need to improve training in humanization competencies lies in the potential protective function that these competencies can have ... (AU)

Antecedentes: El objetivo del trabajo fue explorar la relación entre humanización, capacidad de adaptación al cambio y salud mental en docentes europeos (españoles, portugueses e italianos) y la relación entre humanización y salud mental en docentes mediante el análisis del rol mediador de la capacidad de adaptación al cambio. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con docentes de tres países europeos (España, n = 263, Portugal, n = 344 e Italia, n = 287). Se administró la Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS), el General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) y el Cuestionario de Adaptación al Cambio (ADAPTA-10). Resultados: En los tres países se obervó una asociación negativa entre humanización y la presencia de sintomatología problemática. Con los factores de adaptación al cambio la humanización presentó una asociación negativa con el factor emocional y positiva con el cognitivo-conductual. Del análisis comparativo de medias se obtuvieron diferencias en humanización, el factor emocional de adaptación al cambio y la presencia de sintomatología problemática. Finalmente, los modelos de mediación mostraron la ausencia de un efecto directo en la relación entre humanización y la presencia de sintomatología GHQ-28 cuando esta se encontraba mediada por el factor emocional (muestra española y portuguesa). En la muestra italiana fue significativo el efecto directo de la humanización-sintomatología GHQ-28, con menor proporción del efecto indirecto del factor emocional actuando este como mediador. Por otro lado, tomando como mediador el factor cognitivo-conductual, se obtuvo el mismo resultado para los tres países: un efecto directo negativo entre la humanización y la sintomatología GHQ-28, no estando este mediado por el factor cognitivo-conductual. Conclusiones: La necesidad de mejorar la formación en competencias de humanización reside en la potencial función protectora que pueden ejercer sobre la salud mental de los docentes. (AU)

Medidas de control epidemiológico en el sector empresarial e impacto de la pandemia sobre la creación de empresas en el departamento del Magdalena Colombia / Epidemiological control measurements at the business sector and impact of pandemic on business creation in the department of Magdalena Colombia

Este trabajo se propone analizar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en los registros de creación de nuevas empresas en el departamento del Magdalena (Colombia) principalmente entre el 2019 y 2020, de la misma manera se desarrolla un análisis de las medidas de control epidemiológico a nivel nacional y a nivel departamental para comprender de mejor manera las iniciativas de contención de la COVID-19. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo, se tomaron como referencia los datos de creación de empresas de los últimos cinco años (2016 ­ 2020) en el Magdalena; así como se analizaron medidas para el control epidemiológico a nivel nacional (prevenir, mitigar, y suprimir), así como las adoptadas específicamente para el Magdalena. Entre los principales hallazgos, se encontró que, al contrastar los años 2019 y 2020, hubo una disminución del 2,6% en la creación de nuevas empresas en el departamento del Magdalena, porcentaje que representa 202 unidades productivas menos que en 2019; esta tendencia decreciente en materia de creación de empresas, venía desde 2019, año en el que hubo una caída del 0,8% en los nacimientos de nuevas empresas con respecto al 2018 -62 empresas menos-; la contundente caída en el año 2020 es un reflejo del nefasto efecto de la aparición de la COVID-19 en las dinámicas empresariales en el Magdalena; de otra parte, resaltan medidas de gestión intergremial al igual que las estrategias de apoyo financiero para dinamizar la economía en el Magdalena, así como una cronología prudente en materia de controles epidemiológicos en el Territorio(AU)

This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the records of the creation of new companies in the department of Magdalena (Colombia), mainly between 2019 and 2020. In the same way, an analysis of epidemiology control measures is developed at the national and departmental levels to better understand COVID-19 containment initiatives. For the development of this study, the data on business creation of the last five years (2016 - 2020) in Magdalena was taken as a reference; as well as measures for epidemiological control at the national level (prevent, mitigate, and suppress), along with those adopted specifically for Magdalena were analyzed. Among the main findings, it was found that, when comparing the years 2019 and 2020, there was a 2.6% decrease in the creation of new companies in Magdalena, a percentage that represents 202 production units less than in 2019; This downward trend in the creation of companies came from 2019, the year in which there was a 0.8% drop in the establishment of new companies compared to 2018 -62 fewer companies-; the overwhelming drop in 2020 is a reflection of the disastrous effect of the appearance of COVID-19 on business dynamics in Magdalena; On the other hand, the business associations management measures were a key important factor. Additionally, the financial support to boost the economy in Magdalena, as well as a prudent chronology - in terms of epidemiological controls in the Territory(AU)

Mental Health in Settings with COVID-19 Positive Cases in the Spanish Population: The Protective Role of the Capacity to Adapt to Change.

BACKGROUND: The capacity to adapt to change in complex, highly demanding situations, such as those derived from the COVID-19 pandemic, is essential in maintaining one's mental health. This study analyzed the mental health of the Spanish population in settings with COVID-19 positive cases and the protective role of adaptation to change. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1160 adult Spaniards aged 18 to 82 with a mean age of 38.29 (SD = 13.71). Data were collected by a CAWI (Computer Aided Web Interviewing) survey which included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Adaptation to Change Questionnaire (ADAPTA-10), and an ad hoc questionnaire related to COVID-19 (perceived economic impact, COVID-19 positive diagnosis or not, and whether there was a positive case close to them). RESULTS: The data revealed that the perceived economic impact showed a negative association between the emotional factor and the total score in adaptation to change. Lastly, the emotional factor in adaptation to change operated as a protector from the effect that a setting with COVID-19 positive cases exerts on mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Coping with COVID-19 requires strengthening the capacity for adaptation to changes generated in the setting, especially emotional, as it could contribute to improving the mental health of individuals, especially in those settings where they find and know a COVID-19 positive case.

Adaptation to Change Questionnaire for Nurses: Validation and New Needs in the Context of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: The worldwide pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has challenged healthcare systems and the professionals who work in them. This challenge involves strong changes to which nurses have had to quickly adapt. Emotional and cognitive-behavioral factors influence the capacity for adaptation to change. Based on this model, the objective of this study was to validate the Adaptation to Change Questionnaire (ADAPTA-10) for identifying professionals in a population of nurses who have problems adapting to adverse situations such as those caused by COVID-19. METHODS: This study was performed with a sample of 351 nurses. (3) Results: The ADAPTA-10 questionnaire was found to have good psychometric properties, and to be an effective, useful tool for nurses in research and clinical practice. The two-dimensional structure proposed in the original model was confirmed. Scales are also provided by sex for evaluation of adaptation to change; the highest scores on the emotional component were among nurses who had not personally encountered the virus. CONCLUSIONS: This instrument will be able to detect of the needs for adaptation to the new reality associated with COVID-19, as well as other situations in which nurses are immersed that demand adaptation strategies.

Estrés laboral y contrato psicológico como elementos relaciónales del cambio organizacional / Labor stress and psychological contract as relational elements of organizational change

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la relación entre estrés laboral y contrato psicológico, respecto al cambio organizacional en empleados de cuatro empresas en Bogotá. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante la aplicación del cuestionario de roles ocupacionales adaptado a la población colombiana por García-Neira, et al., (2012), el inventario de contrato psicológico versión 2 y el de medición de cambio organizacional. Los participantes fueron 100 colaboradores de distintas organizaciones del sector privado. Se realizó un estudio transversal de alcance correlacional corroborado a partir de un análisis de regresión simple. Se evidenció que la variable de cambio organizacional correlaciona con la mayoría de las subvariables de contrato psicológico de manera positiva, y con las de estrés de manera negativa. Finalmente se encontró que el contrato psicológico explica el cambio organizacional en un mayor nivel predictivo que el estrés laboral. Estos resultados constituyen un aporte teórico y empírico para que las organizaciones comprendan cómo abordar los procesos de cambio organizacional.

Abstract The goal of this research was to identify the relationship between work stress and psychological contract in the process of organizational change in employees of four companies in Bogotá. We used the Colombian adaptation of the questionnaire of occupational roles by García - Neira, Piraquive, Salazar, & García (2012), the inventory of psychological contract, version 2 and the organizational change measure. Then, we performed a correlational cross-sectional analysis corroborated with a simple regression analysis. Organizational change was found to positively correlate with most subvariables of psychological contract, and negatively with stress. Finally, psychological contract seemed to explain organizational change at a higher predictive level than work-related stress. These results are a theoretical and empirical contribution that may be used by organizations to understand how to approach organizational change.